CHAPTER 2 TENSES

Dalam belajar tenses hal yang paling pokok dan perlu dipahami adalah Pattern/Pola dan Keterangan Waktunya.

A.    Present

Tenses    Pola    Ket. Waktu      
Present tense    S + V1 (es/s)    Every …
Now, usually, always, generally      
Present Continuous    S + Tobe + Ving    Now, at the present, at this moment, today      
Present Perfect    S + Have/has + V3    Lately, recently
For + periode waktu
Since + S + V2      
Present Perfect Continuous Tense    S + Have/has + Been + Ving    For + periode waktu
All day, this weeks
For the last …
Sampai sekarang masih berlangsung   

Eg.
 : We get up early every day.
        She has been studying hard for the last two months.
Catatan :
Beberapa kata kerja tidak dapat dalam bentuk continuous adalah :




Kata kerja “live” dalam Present perfect sama dengan Present Perfect










Choose the best answer
1.    A    :  Where is Tanti ?
    B    :   I don’t know. In fact I ….any of our friends since I arrived.
    a.    did not see    c.    have not seen
    b.    was not seeing    d.    do not see
2.    A    :  You look so unhappy, Anton. What’s the matter ?
    B    :  My father ….his job
    a.    has just lost    c.    losing
    b.    have been losing    d.    is losing
3.    A    :  Several hotels in this region are closing down.
    B    :  That’s because tourism itself….since last years.
    a.    has declined    c.    is declining
    b.    has been declining    d.    decline
4.    A    :  What are you looking for ?
    B    :  My wallet, I don’t know where I ….it
    a.    have been putting    c.    am putting
    b.    have put    d.    put
5.    A    :  Anwar was promoted president of your company last week, wasn’t he ?
    B        :  I’m glad he was, he ….in this company for years.
    a.    has been working    c.    had worked
    b.    is working    d.    work

B.    Past

Tenses    Pola    Ket. Waktu      
Past tense    S + V2    Yesterday;    Last ….        ….ago      
Past Continuous    S + Tobe + Ving    While…   ; As………
When + S + V2      
Past Perfect    S + had + V3    Before …    ; When …..
As …           ; Until …      
Past Perfect Continuous Tense    S + had + Been + Ving    For + periode waktu
When
Before   

Eg.    :  I was walking home when it began to rain.
       The police has been looking for the robbers for two years before they caught him.



Choose the best answer
1.    A    :  When did you take the academic writing course ?
    B    :  Last year, after I ….composition II
    a.    complete    c.    have completed
    b.    was completing    d.    had completed
2.    The book that I ….in the classroom was found by Ali
    a.    had left        was leaving
    b.    had been leaving    d.    would have left
3.    A    :  Did you gets seats at the show last night?
    B    :  Not really, we came when the show ….
    a.    to start already    c.    had already started
    b.    was already started    d.    was already started
4.    She ….the shoes for five minutes when one of the heels came off.
    a.    am only wearing        c. had only wearing
    b.    was only wearing        d. have only been wearing
5.    A    :  So you have finished typing those the letters! When did you do it?
    B    :  Where you ….the meeting.
    a.    were attending    c.    have attended
    b.    attend        d.    had attended

B.    Future

Tenses    Pola    Ket. Waktu      
Future tense    S + Shall/will + V1    Tomorrow, next …(week, day)
This weekend      
Future Continuous    S + Shall/will + be + Ving    At this tomorrow
At ten tomorrow
When + S + V1(es/s)      
Future Perfect    S + Shall/will + Have + V3    By + ket. waktu
When + S + V1(es/s)      
Future Perfect Continuous Tense    S + Shall/will + have + Ving    For + …. By + ket. waktu
Next….for ….
When + S + V1(es/s) for ket. waktu   

Eg.    : By the end of this week he will have finished reading the novel.
      Next year she will have been studying English for three years.



Choose the best answer   
1.    A    :  Could you tell your brother to meet me at the library tomorrow ?
    B    :  Sure, I ….him.
    a.    will tell                    c. be telling
    b.    would have told                d. will be telling
2.    When you arrive on the 6th floor, give my note to the secretary and she ….you to my office
    a.    directs        c.    directing
    b.    will direct    d.    will direct
3.    A    :  I forgot to return this book to the library last week
    B    :  Well. I’m afraid you ….a fine when you return it.
    a.    having to pay    c.    have had to pay
    c.    will have to pay    d.    had had to pay
4.    I hope that by the time my father retires, I ….a job
    a.    get            c.    have got
    b.    got            d.    will have got
5.    By the end of this week I ….from Malaysia
    a.    have been back    c.    would be back
    b.    may be back    d.    will have been back